{"id":10263,"date":"2021-02-24T07:07:40","date_gmt":"2021-02-24T07:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?p=10263"},"modified":"2021-02-24T07:07:40","modified_gmt":"2021-02-24T07:07:40","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/?p=10263","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ( \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 ) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0624\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 (0.75\u060c 1.5\u060c \u06482.25 \u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626\u0629 (23.08\u060c 46.67\u060c \u064856.95 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (shear connector)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (push-out) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635.<br \/>\u0636\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (perforbond) \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u062f.\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a ( \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 ) \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10264\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10264\" class=\"wp-image-10264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10265\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10265\" class=\"wp-image-10265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10266\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10266\" class=\"wp-image-10266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10267\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10267\" class=\"wp-image-10267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-3.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10268\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10268\" class=\"wp-image-10268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-4.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-6-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10270\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-6.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/eng\/?attachment_id=10270\" class=\"wp-image-10270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eng.qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/unnamed-file-6-1024x680.jpg 1024w, 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